Litigation in China for Foreign Investors

The People's Courts

Chinese courts rely on a legal system more akin to continental

Europe than the common law system of the UK, Canada, or the

United States, yet there are distinctively Chinese

characteristics. Get a good local lawyer before litigation in

China - only Chinese nationals working for mainland Chinese law

firms may appear in court.

Local Bias - Although there are a number of examples of foreign

investors prevailing in Chinese courts against state-owned

enterprises and other well-connected local parties, results

vary drastically with location (big cities being considered

among the safest bets for foreigners), and it is often

difficult for the foreign party to enforce favorable judgments.

Jurisdiction and Forum Shopping- Lower courts in China operate

on a regional basis, and the Supreme People's Court is the

court of last resort. Jurisdiction rules must be complied with

- a corporate defendant must usually be sued in the

jurisdiction where its headquarters are located.

Procedure

Some of the key features of the People's Courts include:

lGreat emphasis on formal documentation over witness testimony

lA lot of attention to the production of powers of attrney,

authenticated original documents, notarizations, and seals

lRelatively low-cost, high speed procedures, at least compared

with the glacial speed of litigation in the United States

lStrict limits on ability to compel the production of evidence

(discovery procedures), probably the greatest disadvantage of

litigating in China

lLenient treatment of perjury

lLack of emphasis on precedent - judicial precedent is not

binding in China, although higher courts do issue detailed

legal interpretations to guide lower courts

lLower damage awards - damages awards are low by US standards,

and it is more difficult to prove the amount of loss than in

Western countries

lDifficulty in enforcing injunctions, seizure of assets, and

specific performance - large bonds are often required before a

temporary restraining order will be issued.

Administrative action (bypassing the couret system) is often

available in cases or intellectual property infringement or

counterfeiting.

Appeals - Dissatisfied claimants ar usually entitled to one

appeal, whci is usually granted and executed speedily. However,

some judgments are effectively unappealable.

Enforcement

Domestic judgments can be difficult to enforce. Local

authorities may fail to assist the enforcement a judgment that

is seen as damaging to local economic interests. Furthermore,

the People's Courts have a reputation of being vulnerable to

the "Enron Effect" - they seldom bother to trace and seize

assets deliberately hidden by defndants through the use of

complicated corporate structures.

Foreign judgments are enforceable in theory but difficult to

execute. Enforcement is generally based on the principle of

reciprocity, meaning that China will only enforce judgments

originating from jurisdictions that enforce Chinese judgments.

However, since China is signatory to a number of relevant

bilateral enforcement treaties, the principle of reciprocity is

subordinated to treaty requirements. Of course the best way to

enforce a foreign judgment is to locate overseas assets of the

defendant in a jurisdiction willing to recognize the judgment

and seize assets.

Judgments from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau - Judgments from

Taiwan have long been enforceable on the mainland, and

judgments from Macau have been enforceable since April 2006, in

both cases subject to certain conditions. Nevertheless, expect

difficulties in actual practice. Surprisingly, judgments from

Hong Kong are currently unenforceable in the mainland except in

cases where the judgment was rendered pursuant to an exclusive

jurisdiction clause in a contract, and even this provision is

subject to exceptions.

International tribunals

Other alternatives for foreign investors include adjudication

by the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the International

Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Both of

these tribunals have serious drawbacks, however - the WTO

because foreign investors cannot sue directly (the plaintiff

must be a state), and ICSID because jurisdiction is based on

consent and unless you are Dutch, German or Finnish, your

country has not entered into a bilateral investment treaty with

China that would authorize ICSID jurisdiction (although this

situation may be about to change).

David Carnes is licensed to practice law in California. He speaks and reads Mandarin Chinese and has several years experience working with Chinese law firms and Sino-American joint ventures. Check out his website, Import From China [http://importfromchina.blogspot.com].

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India China and Pakistan

TAILORED ANIMOSITY

It is the need of the time for the people of the three nations China, Pakistan and India to forget animosity and unite to make the region and their respective countries strong and prosperous. The animosity among these countries is unnatural and tailor made. Let us find the tailor of this antagonistic attitude of these three states in the region. I begin the story from 1940.China is under the alien rules; India is burning with the multiple fires of covert and overt aims of the British and religious communities. The British are not only lookers on but also a player. They always play a dual trick and are always juxtaposing the members of different religious communities against one another. Their tricks work and they are temporarily successful in prolonging their rule over Indian subcontinent. The naïve Indians are so credulous that they become a prey to the voluptuousness and catchy notions of the aliens and start following their system and polity.

Only one party is not to blame, every one is constrained to play a second fiddle to the British conspiracy and all the communities are strangled into the cobweb of the alien laws. The very concessions they bestowed upon the natives was that they made them enemy of one another. In 1947 Pakistan and India separated from each other on and became the two sovereign nations. Then in 1949 china became socialist republic under Mao. The time went on. Since those days these three countries are at daggers drawn. Sino- Indian war of 1962, Indo -Pak wars of 1947, 1965, 1971, and daily skirmishes that are countless. The west is exploiting the emotions of the extremists in all three countries. China made progress with such a pace that world stopped to ponder over their devotion and assiduity. While Pakistan and India directed their weapons against each other and remain busy in piling up weapons. They succeeded in getting atomic arsenals but could not succeed in overcoming poverty and illiteracy of their people. As far as the causes behind this sad state of affairs one of the major reasons is the foreign intervention in the internal affairs of these states.

FOREIGN CONSPIRACIES

The Chinese progress was a thorn in the flesh of the opposites of communism and socialism. They debarred China for many years from entering into the world arena of politics. Chinese were kept away from the UN membership for many years. The west alienated china to subdue before them but they could not succeed in their intentions. The west along with America were the open opponents of Chinese ideology and progress. This became the reason and china found its own feet.

The west cordoned off Pakistan and India and both these countries are still struggling to find some donor and business partner to abet their dwindling economies. On the other hand china got the veto power only due to its steadfastness and became the power of the word to reckon with. It was the policy of the British colonialism to leave behind a problem so that the native might not think about their imperialism. In china they left Taiwan as an issue that is still the reason of many untoward incidents between Chinese government and the supporters of Taiwan. In the subcontinent the aliens had been mixing poison in the relations of different communities but the major issue they left was of Kashmir. At present the issue is unresolved and ostensibly has become the reason of two major wars between India and Pakistan. Even now there are daily skirmishes between the people of Kashmir and Indian army or between Pakistan and Indian forces.

STOP AND PONDER

IT is high time to pause and ponder over the mistakes and blunders of the past and formulate a new policy for the future.

The troika is THE potential SUPER POWER.

The solution of all the problems of the area lies in the unity of these three nations. Three countries are nuclear powers, have enough resources of their own along with the manpower. Only an agreement with sincere intentions and for implementation purposes is needed. If these three countries unite on one point agenda that any infringement of the sovereignty of the states would be defended collectively, no power would dare to have bad intentions about them. If the troika comes into being the Afghan, Kashmir and Tibetan issues would resolve automatically as they would become internal issues of the states and no third party would be needed for arbitration. More over the internal law and order situation would improve to the maximum as troika would defend the sovereignty of the borders as well as the people. Although it seems an innovations and a strange proposal but if acted upon would bring peace harmony and prosperity to the people of the area and the world would become a paradise on the earth.

self observation

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St. Lucia Defies The Great Panda Bear (China)

Yes, the Great Panda Bear has spoken!

St. Lucia's (and its Government in St. John) in the Caribbean Sea is defying the Great Giant China Panda Bear, who demands they bow before them, and say uncle, kind of like that. In essence, they are telling them what they can and can't do--China that is; in this case, they do now want them (St. Lucia) to allow a delegation from Taiwan to enter their port. I kind of think this game of: you do as I say, as the Chinese Government has bullied the world away from Taiwan for 50-years, should stop.

Even the United States adheres to a lot of that rhetoric. They said, China says to the small government, whom do not seem to fear the Big Panda Bear: we can remain friends if that is what you want, otherwise, hit the road. China says: "We wish the St. Lucia government not to allow the delegation to enter into St. Lucia because this delegation will be severely detrimental to the Chinese-St. Lucia friendly relations" now is that a nice way to talk to a friend. I don't think St. Lucia's cares all that much for the Chinese junk they been trying to flood every country in the world with.

Good luck China, I think you met your match. St. Lucia's Foreign Minister Rufus Bousque wants to keep good relations with China, I do hope he does not persuade his government to reverse its decision to not allow the delegation, I think this is a first in a long time, and will capture the attention of many, lest Taiwan end up being another Tibet, and China I fear would live it to be under their heels.

See Dennis' web site: http://dennissiluk.tripod.com

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Chinese Disputes Over Claimed Territorial Waters is a Future Wake Up Call

There are many academics who believe that China's recent aggressive international behavior towards Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and even the US Navy off their coasts is nothing to be concerned with, and that the US would do the same thing if there were incursions off our own coasts. Indeed, we would if there were incursions of pirates or drug smugglers. And realize we also only share our territorial waters with a few nations such as Mexico, Canada, and a few Caribbean Nation Islands.

Interestingly enough, we seem to be getting along fine unlike all the tensions off the coasts of China. There was an interesting paper put out by the Rand Think Tank not too long ago which insisted that China's international behavior was one of peace, not imperialistic visions of granger or strategies of world domination, however, I have a hard time buying into that academic fantasy based on actual events, and observations.

Not buying it for one-second.

In fact, with regards to issues in Tibet, territorial disputes with India, military conflict in Burma and the selling of weapons to Iran, Taliban, rogue governments of Africa, and to Iraq under Saddam - and the recent Japanese fishing boat incident, political rhetoric over Taiwan, and the many US Navy incursions, and displeasure of the US organization of all ASEAN nations, including challenges to friendly peaceful war games - I ask how could anyone buy into the logic that China's military ambitions are peaceful.

You see, there is simply no evidence for that.

And all this is above and beyond the "trade war" which China believes itself to be having with the USA, over such innocuous things as frozen chickens, subsidized steel, rare-earth elements - or its claim to water rights with bordering nations, or its theft of intellectual property. And we need not mention its ICBM anti-ship missiles, beyond horizon radars, spy satellites, or impeding sanctions and solutions to the Iranian or North Korean nuclear weapons programs.

No, I am not buying it.

And with that said, maybe none of us should buy into this nonsense or a peaceful China motif, in fact, maybe none of us should be buying anything from China at all when we can help it. Why? Because that's how many Chinese feel about US products, and perhaps that's why the trade between our two nations is so obviously lopsided and manipulated on their end.

No, I am not against China, rather I am marveling at their economic success, mostly because we funded it - it has been one impressive ride, but let's not be taken for a ride at our expense. I think China is a great nation with great potential, I just wish it would act and behave like it on the international trade front. Please consider this.

Ref.

1.) Wall Street Journal Article; "U.S., Allies Take Firmer Stance on China - Asean Seeks Stronger Positions on Territorial Disputes Amid Concern Over Beijing's Growth and Rising Military Powers," by Jeremy Page, Patrick Barta, and Jay Solomon, published on September 23, 2010.

2.) Wall Street Journal Article; "Beijing Discourages Japan Travel," by Hiroyuki Kachi - published on September 23, 2010.

3.) Wall Street Journal Article, "Business Sours on China - Foreign Executives Say Beijing Creates Fresh Barriers, Broadsides Patent Rules," by Andrew Browne and Jason Dean, March 27, 2010.

4.) Wall Street Journal Article, Editorial, "Farewell to America's China Station," by Mark Helprin,

5.) Wall Street Journal Article, "China Urges Restraint in Korean Crisis," by Evan Ramstad.

Lance Winslow is a retired Founder of a Nationwide Franchise Chain, and now runs the Online Think Tank. Lance Winslow believes some times it makes sense to use one of the phone companies and stay in contact with your trading partners, rather than engaging in trade wars or disputes.

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China's Top 7 - Seven Places to Visit in Mainland China

China is a country on the move. Peasant farmers are moving to the cities in vast numbers and creating a huge growth in production and demand of resources. In this push in creating the modern China I hope the things that have made China great in the past are not forgotten. China is so huge and there is so much to see this list is almost impossible to limit to just 7, but I'll try.

The following list is my top seven spots I'd like to see in China. I included the province of Tibet in the list, but exclude Taiwan sites from the list - as Taiwan is not part of communist China despite the parties one China policy. To avoid political controversy let's just say this list is the top 7 of mainland China.

1) The Forbidden City.

Just the fact for much of its history an average pleb like me would have been kept out is reason enough to visit. To see the last palace of the Emperors. Even today look at a Google map of Beijing and its not hard to spot the forbidden city from the air. Not just the size of the place and the architecture, but the ornamental details such as the Chinese lions and the Imperial five-clawed dragons which hold interest here. While in Beijing which many will be for the Summer Olympics 2008, there are many temples and sites to see and a visit to the summer palace should also be included. The new Olympic venues like the bird nest stadium and bubble swimming center will be architecture wonders for decades after the games have finished.

2) The Great wall of China.

A wall thousands of miles long just has to be seen. It not my first pick because in reality much of the wall is in ruins. Not all the wall was made from stone. Some sections were compressed mud, but the aim was the same - to separate civilized China from the barbarians of the north. It failed at times as the Mongols clearly showed, but it was still an impressive construction feat. There are restored sections of the walls for the tourists, but to be honest its the original ruined sections that have more interest for me - as well as more history and character.

3) Mount Everest

The tallest mountain in the world. Apart from the amazing height - you likely to suffer attitude sickness even at base camp, visually Everest is a stunning mountain. Add to that the yaks, Sherpas and isolation in the plateau on top of the world and you have something that attracts the adventure. I have no desire to climb the mighty mountain, one I'm getting too old and second going into any death zone isn't my cup of tea. But to climb some of the slopes could be fun.

4) Xi'an

Serving as the Capital to 11 Dynasties over 4,000 years you know there has to be something special about this site. The Xi'an City Walls 14km's long, give you the sense traveling back in time. You can imagine arriving in a caravan from the west seeking China's special silk and other products. Within the city as numerous pagodas, temple and places of interest including the Shaanxi History Museum.

5) The Terracotta Army

1000's of life-size pottery figures modeled after soldiers of the era. The tomb of the first Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi is yet to be fully excavated. The Chinese have great respect for their ancestors so they are moving carefully with this project, though I for one would love to find out what other hidden treasures are yet to be discovered.

6) Shanghai

The bund is not technically Chinese but a hang over from the colonial exploitation of China by the western powers and Japan, which is must be said was a disgusting period of history with Britain and other nations forcing Opium on the Chinese populace - the drug trade is disgusting, to then enforce that trade at the point of the gun is despicable. The bund is the waterfront of Shanghai with a 1920's art deco feel. Other must see places in Shanghai include the Shanghai museum, Yu Gardens and Bazaar

7) Finally the South West - in particular - the Landscape around Yangshuo, Guangxi - towering cliffs with rice paddy's and river give the traditional Chinese feel as China was for thousands of years. These weathered limestone formations from Karst are a photographers dream and inspired thousands of landscapes.

I told you I would struggle to fit everything into seven top picks, this list is just a tip of a large iceberg - as its not yet complete - the 3 Gorges Dam is added as a bonus here. What will become the largest power plant/dam in the world will definitely be worth a visit. As well I'd love to watch the huge tidal bore that occurs on the yellow river as well.

China - home to 1/5 of the world's population is overdue to become one of the world's great tourist hotspots. I for one will be happy to led the charge.

This article is the property of Alastair HARRIS and his immediate family. It may be freely republished over the internet but must include original links.
Alastair HARRIS is the main promoter the getfinancialfreedom4u family of websites, blogs and projects (visit http://getfinancialfreedom4u.ws) specializing in online business opportunities and education, income being generated by affiliate marketing, Google, GDI, eBay, and more. Alastair is rated as an expert author on numerous article directories and is very open to assisting others on the internet.

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Immigrants From Mainland China And Taiwan Spoke Mostly Mandarin

The immigrants from mainland China and Taiwan spoke mostly Mandarin, and those from Hong Kong spoke Cantonese; both groups continued to use traditional Chinese characters as a means of communication. As social and political conditions in the PRC began to stabilize, the second wave of immigrants decreased considerably. The third wave of immigration started in the last decades of the 20th century and continues today.

The immigrants were composed of mainland Chinese from various socioeconomic backgrounds, with professionals as the most represented group. They spoke mainly Mandarin and used simplified Chinese characters to communicate. Part of the motivation to emigrate, specifically from Hong Kong, was the change in the political status of this territory, which was associated with the turnover of political control to the PRC.

The Chinese population in the United States has been characterized by a steady and fast growth over the past 40 years. The U.S. Census of 2000 indicated that the total Chinese population had grown from 435,000 in 1970 to over 2 million. It is estimated that a large portion of the Chinese population in the United States lives in the West and about 30% lives in the Northeast.

California and New York are the states with the first- and second-largest Chinese immigrant communities, hosting about 40% and 18% of the total Chinese population, respectively. Language has been a huge issue for Chinese immigrants in the United States. In 2000, the U.S. Census reported that nearly half the Chinese in the United States did not speak English at home or spoke English "less than very well."

According to this source, Chinese persons did less well in speaking English when compared with other Asian groups. Despite the language disadvantage, 48.1% of Chinese in the United States had at least a bachelor's degree by 2000, although the place where they received their tertiary education was not reported. About one quarter of the Chinese population in the United States had less than a high school diploma.

An important historical feature of Chinese immigrants has been the phenomenon of Chinese community schools, where Chinese language, calligraphy, and culture are taught to the young.

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China Media Booms

No one really knows how many television stations there are in China. Best estimates put the number at 5,000. Yet, just over ten years ago there were no more than 40. The number of newspapers has increased from around 200 to more than 2,500, radio stations have blossomed from a 100 to 1,200 and TV and radio penetration is now over 85 percent.

In just, 10 years, the media in has exploded. But it is still heavily regulated and owned and controlled by the state run Communist Party. Most local media is pro-China in its content and style and is used as a tool for control and influence over the country's huge population.

There are also limits on foreign journalists - where they can travel and to whom they can speak. Overseas media regularly have their offices screened and their activities are closely monitored.

Taiwan, Tibet and human rights issues are strictly off the editorial agenda.

Despite this, consumerism has well and truly arrived in China. There's now an increased sophistication in the market - and marketing communications, brand management and reputation building have become big business.

There is no such thing as privately owned media in China - and foreign companies are restricted. Consumerism is driving up advertising revenue. The dominant Chinese television network, CCTV is said to earn a total of 1 billion yuan or A$200 million a year.

So in this environment how can Australian companies effectively get their message across and plan marketing communications strategies in China?

The first thing to understand is how companies will have to work in a very complex and constantly changing regulatory environment.

"China is very conscious of reforming its media and has some relatively progressive thinking internally about where to take it," said Gary Davey CEO of Star TV in Hong Kong. "But it's going to take a very long time because they are equally sensitive about the importance of control."

An older generation of bureaucrats still sees the media, and television in particular, as a propaganda device and any attempt to reform it into a commercially driven business raises great suspicion amongst the Chinese leadership.

In the past the News Corporation owned STAR TV has upset Chinese authorities and Davey is quick to point out the sensitivities of the Chinese marketplace, especially when it comes to cultural differences.

"You might be able to run a successful State-run security operation by trying to force your own cultural values down someone else's throat, but you certainly can't run a business doing that."

STAR TV has had to develop strategies that fit these realities. "We've created new companies with Chinese partners to play a part in the evolution of the policy," Davey said.

The days of handing out long red envelopes filled with cash to journalists at press conferences in China could also well be over. The industry is trying to clean up its act and has recently released a new code of practice for both public relations professionals and journalists.

The local media is still very pro-China in its content and style but the practice of accepting cash and gifts in return for running positive stories is now being phased out.

Tony Turner has worked in corporate communications in China for over 25 years and is the Hong Kong based Chairman of the Rowland Company.

He says in the past there has been a degree of cronyism, corruption and lack of transparency in the media but that is changing as Western-based multinationals entered the market with a new set of communication standards.

"What we've got today in Hong Kong is a highly professional, highly inquisitive and free media," he said.

Turner believes many multinationals don't want their name tarnished by being caught for paying journalists.

"The opportunity for PR and professional PR is as great as it ever could be," Turner said.

This view is reflected in Beijing where Gua Hu-ming heads up the China International Public Relations Association. He says PR as a profession, started in China 15 years ago and first appeared in joint venture hotels.

In the past it has been standard practice for reporters to accept cash and gifts in return for running positive stories or even working in conjunction with investors to ramp up the stock market.

But this is changing Mr Gua believes the Chinese media and journalists are becoming more professional.

But what impact is the Internet having on traditional news sources and PR campaigns?

Dr Xueli Huang is an expert on Internet marketing based at Edith Cowan University in Perth.

He says Internet usage is growing in China with 60 million users but news content is still heavily controlled.

Most users are young and cannot afford a computer. Instead they use Internet cafes to send emails and their main news sources are limited to international news sites such as the BBC World Service and CNN.

"I don't think the Chinese Government will ban all the news sites, but Government will certainly want to control political sites."

Bandwidth is also a problem in China. Huang believes newspapers, radio and TV will still provide local news because of the time in downloading information from the Internet and the lack of infrastructure.

So if you are doing business in China here are 12 success tips for implementing a successful marketing communications plan:

1. Understand cultural differences. Be sensitive to local communities and understand the complex and varied structures of the Chinese media. They are not uniform and often controlled at a local, provincial and national level. I will never forget the cultural shock of seeing an armed red-guard standing on a pillbox outside a TV studio in Guangzhou asking for my official ID. Improve your cultural literacy by understanding the culture and history of those you're doing business with. Respect these differences and don't impose your own values & perceptions on how the local media should treat you.

2. Use a local spokesperson. Depending on the news value of the story, you will have a better chance of gaining media coverage the more Chinese you make your message. Using a local spokesperson will give you greater credibility. For example in PR campaigns for Nokia and IBM in China, they use local Chairmen who are Chinese because they are well respected and have deep Chinese roots.

3. Know your point of difference - what you do in your own backyard you also have to do in new markets. Find out what makes you or your service or product unique in the marketplace? How will it stand out from the competition. In the past cultural differences have been used as an excuse for dubious practices not acceptable back home. This has changed.

4. Clarify your communication objectives? What do you want to achieve? To inform or entertain? To provide information? To build a profile? To influence public opinion? Personal marketing? Marketing or launching a new product or service? How will cultural diversity and differing news values influence this? News values differ in China. Often issues will be reported one or two days later and not with the urgency or timeliness of the Western media.

5. Define your target audience? Who is your target audience? General public? Customers? Competitors? Suppliers? What age are they, what level of education, what beliefs and values, geographical location, how do they use the local Chinese media? How credible is the media your target audience uses? Does it still have credibility even though it is controlled? The media is evolving and becoming more respected.

6. Identify the best channels of communication. What is the best way to reach your target audience? TV, Radio, Internet, newspapers - local or national? Do your homework on how news is structured and gathered. Investigate who is reporting on what. Find out the nuances. TV has the highest penetration, while the Internet is growing amongst younger Chinese.

7. What is your key message? The media is becoming more competitive and market driven. They need readers and viewers to stay viable in the new economy. How can you make your message appealing and newsworthy? Distill what you want to say into three key points. Always check translations of media releases. Have them retranslated back into English to check for accuracy.

8. Build your case? When building your case look for the China angle. What are the features, advantages and benefits of your message for your Chinese targets? What evidence and proof do you have that is seen as credible and independent within their cultural belief system?

9. What is the China hook? What will make your message or news release stand out from the rest and appeal to the values of Chinese journalists. You are not successful in China until the local market tells you. Giving money to Chinese journalists is no longer acceptable. Use more legal and ethical incentives such as providing transport, lunch or a gift or souvenir item.

10. Develop long-term relationships with the media. Visit and meet journalists face to face. Network, get to know them and involve them in the story. There is now a focus on the interactive brand experience. For example in a recent mobile phone campaign local journalists were involved in trailing the product prior to launch. They were asked for their feedback and engaged proactively in its development providing them with ownership of the product and subsequent story. Relationships and personal connections, or guanxi are very important in China and especially so in cultivating good media contacts.

11. If you have to face the media yourself ... Use the Three Golden Rules to Perform at your Best = Know Your Topic, Be Prepared, Relax.

12. Seek Professional Help. For maximum impact, effectiveness and value seek the advice of a media and communications professional that can help your company see the media as an opportunity not a threat.

Source: "China Media - The Ethics of Influence", 1999

Thomas Murrell MBA CSP is an international business speaker, consultant and award-winning broadcaster. Media Motivators is his regular electronic magazine read by 7,000 professionals in 15 different countries.

You can subscribe by visiting http://www.8mmedia.com. Thomas can be contacted directly at +6189388 6888 and is available to speak to your conference, seminar or event. Visit Tom's blog at http://www.8mmedia.blogspot.com.

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